TRP with no numeral was the form for the first year TRP I was not used. When TRP with numeral is used, it is the best dating device found on Roman coins. From the time of Septimius Severus, 1 January was used regularly. 11/12 AD) which means the TRP numeral placed the coin from 10 Dec 11 to 9 Dec 12. Many coins are seen dated with a split year (e.g. At first the renewals dated to 10 December (the traditional date) but some rulers used the anniversary of their ascension or 1 January so it is necessary to know which system was in use before dating each reign. The office was first taken on ascension and renewed annually. TRP, TRIB POT, P - TRIBVNICIA POTESTAS: An important Republican office was Tribune of the People (plebs) with the power to veto acts of the Senate. PM was not used after the Empire became Christian and the title was (and still is) used by the Pope. The title denoted the position of the Emperor as head of the state religion. PM, PONT MAX - PONTIFEX MAXIMVS: 'Greatest Priest' was held by the most senior ruler when there was more than one Augustus with the others being simply PONTIFEX. More rarely (see Numerian below) AVGGG indicated there were three rulers. When there were two emperors, the plural is sometimes shown as AVGG. Until the late Empire, Emperors were both Caesar and Augustus but toward the end the title Caesar was dropped or reserved for the junior members of the imperial family. The first Emperor made the title ('Revered') almost a personal name and it was assumed on ascension by each successive ruler. When used alone or with an abbreviation for 'Noble' (NC, NOB C, NOB CAES etc), Caesar denoted a junior person, usually a son or the heir apparent.ĪVG - AVGVSTVS: Augustus was the title that actually meant 'Emperor'. Even after there was no 'blood' relationship, the term was applied to the Imperial family. Our example of Domitian shows IMP XXII each of the other coins uses the initial IMP without numeral.ĬAES, CAE, C - CAESAR: The family name of the first Emperors recalled their being related to Julius Caesar. Other Emperors made little use of the title and only assumed the initial award. In some cases, these subsequent awards, denoted by a numeral following IMP, allow dating of coins to a very short period. The award was generally taken on becoming Emperor and renewed whenever a particularly important victory was celebrated.
IMP - IMPERATOR: The title that English adopted to mean 'Emperor' meant 'leader of the army' to the Romans. Our examples (Commodus, Tiberius and Caracalla asses) show a variety of sizes and placements.įirst & Second Century Examples: IMP CAES AVG PM TRP COS PP F These may have been special issues struck from Senatorial bullion rather than from the normal Imperial supplies. A few precious metal coins were issued with the letters EX SC. Medallic issues and late coins of Aurelian and the Gallic mints of Postumus lack SC but a normal bronze denomination should have the mark. Other than size and placement of the letters, there was relatively little variation from the norm. Almost all bronze coins issued before the late third century AD bore the letters SC on the reverse. Their value was supported by the decree of the Senate " Senatus Consulto" or SC.
#Trajan font roman numerals full
Unlike gold and silver issues, Roman Imperial bronze coins contained less than the full nominal value in metal.
We will begin with the most often asked abbreviation: To get full value from this page, the beginning student will need to jump back and forth from image to text. Several of these are listed below but the list here is certainly not complete. Some reigns used variations of these abbreviations. Therefore I will show a few pictures and discuss the abbreviations.
The images shown will usually include more than one abbreviation so an alphabetical list with abbreviations would be difficult to format. Carried to its completion, this would be a rather large project so I will begin with a few common ones and work into the oddities as the need arises and images become available. This page is to make answering those questions easier. A frequent subject of mail received here asks questions about reading some abbreviation on Roman Imperial coins.
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